Half-ton "ST-28"
The project of a half-ton class sailboat presented to the attention of readers was developed by the author in the student design bureau "Ocean" of the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute. This is a kind of response to numerous applications received by Okean from various sports organizations in the country.
Judging by these applications and letters, there is an urgent need to build - along with other types of cruising and racing vessels - sailboats of minimum dimensions, capable of participating in long sea races and at the same time not burdensome in everyday operation. In our opinion, the best version of a vessel that meets such requirements is a half-ton; even a small team of sailboatsmen can build such a sailboat using the simplest technological equipment and from available materials. InfusionFor the time being, a half-ton is the smallest of the sailboats allowed to participate in major domestic offshore races such as the Baltic and Black Sea cups. At the same time, this is already a fairly spacious and comfortable vessel, which, without much damage to the comfort of the crew and the general architecture, can accommodate the equipment necessary for sailboats of the 2nd category of navigation, for example, an inflatable life raft. It is also important that for a half-ton, sufficiently effective sails can be sewn from lavsan, while for sailboats of large dimensions, sails are needed.from more durable and less deformable under load dacron, which, unfortunately, is in short supply.
Basic data half-ton "ST-28"
Length, m: | |
LOA | 8.74 |
LWL | 7.25 |
Width, m: | |
BOA | 3.15 |
Beam | 2.34 |
Draft, m | 1.70 |
Displacement, t | 2.55 |
Fin weight, t | 1.080 |
Measured sail area, m2 | 43.3 |
IOR racing score, m | 6.6 |
The sailboat "ST-28" was designed with the expectation of the possibility of industrial production, but without the use of any extreme solutions or innovations. We believed that the project should not grow old over the rather long time it usually takes to master the construction of a new sailboat, so we tried to apply sustainable trends in the design of cruising and racing sailboats, and not fashion trends.
The main ideas embedded in the project
The sailboat "ST-28" was designed with the expectation of the possibility of industrial production, but without the use of any extreme solutions or innovations. We believed that the project should not grow old over the rather long time it usually takes to master the construction of a new sailboat, so we tried to apply sustainable trends in the design of cruising and racing sailboats, and not fashion trends.
The sailboat is designed for medium and fresh winds and, as the analysis of the comparative characteristics of the best half-ton class sailboats shows, is quite competitive. With a relatively large length along the DWL, the ST-28 has a small displacement; this results in high L/D 1/3 and S/D values. The values of L/B and Pfc/D lie in the range of average values. The internal layout of the sailboat and its equipment comply with the restrictions imposed by the "Rules for the Classification, Construction and Measurement of Sports Yachts adopted in the USSR" on ships participating in category 2 racesrii.
Cockpit
The main workplace during the race - a self-draining cockpit - is functionally divided into two parts by a ledge on the floorboard and the epaulette of the boom sheets. The aft part of the cockpit is convenient for the helmsman to work both on the tack and on the passing courses. Payol is elevated here. Below it is a life raft, which, when the sailboat is immersed in water, should, by raising the payol, independently emerge and open. The bow lower part of the cockpit is designed for effective work with the sheets and braces of two sailors without compromising the visibility for the helmsman.
On both sides of the cockpit there are afterpeak covers, in which gas cylinders, buckets, mops, mooring lines, etc. are stored. Armor and emergency pyrotechnics are reinforced on the inside of the covers. The afterpeak is separated from the rest of the sailboat by a watertight bulkhead.
The entrance to the sailboat is central with a sliding hood. The role of the step is played by a removable soundproof engine cover.
Engine
The project provides for the installation of an air-cooled carburetor gasoline engine "UD-25" with a capacity of 8 liters. from. at 3000 rpm. The engine of this type has a mass of 52 kg and dimensions of 530X455X565. It can be used with a starter-generator G250-G1 (from the Volga) with a relay-regulator PP350 or PP362. Unfortunately, today it is impossible to offer a more acceptable version of the power plant due to the lack of stationary outboard engines in mass production.
The mutual arrangement of the engine and the shaft makes it possible to place a V-belt transmission, which reduces the rotational speed to 1000-1500 rpm on the screw, and a friction-type disconnecting clutch. Near the engine (under the cockpit) there is a fuel tank with a capacity of 10 liters with a float level indicator on the bottom of the cockpit.
Cabin
To the left of the entrance there is a rather large navigational table and shelves for navigational aids, navigational instruments, etc. The navigational table panel is a card holder that can be folded down to the front bulkhead. To the right of the entrance there is a galley with a two-burner gas stove, a sink, shelves and cabinets for dishes and products. The main elements of the galley are assembled using standard products available on the market (polyethylene sinks, waste bucket, etc.). Aft of the galley in a niche is madeaf for storm clothing and life jackets. If it is necessary to dry clothes, the engine cover panel can be removed, warm air from the engine cooling system will flow into the compartment. In addition, the use of a gas heater of the GIIBA type is provided.
The layout of the saloon is traditional. There are four sleeping places. The upper berths in the lowered position form the backs of the lower sofas. Behind the sofas at the sides are niches for personal items.
The forepeak stores sails in nets and coils of cables. There is also a toilet bowl (portable bucket); it can be placed under the folding shelves, which will allow fuller use of the forepeak volume to accommodate a racing set of sails. In the cruising version, additional berths can be equipped in this compartment.
Tanks and tanks Drinking water tanks are located under the sofas in the saloon. Such an arrangement of a variable load near the center of gravity of the sailboat allows you to take and consume significant water reserves without changing its landing, and also makes it possible to reduce the total moment of inertia of the masses relative to the CG of the sailboat.
Case manufacturing features
The design of the hull and the technology of its construction are designed for the manufacture of the vessel by the teams of sailboatsmen with a relatively modest production base. A number of 'sailboat knots' are designed in several variants; any of them can be chosen by the builder based on their capabilities. Considering that wood remains the most accessible material for an amateur shipbuilder and at the same time allows obtaining sufficiently high weight indicators, the article presents two design options for a wooden hull. The main elements of the nabora are selected in accordance with the "Rules for Classification, Construction and Measurement"; in cases of deviation from these "Rules", the strength of the structure was checked by appropriate calculations.
Frames, fenders, keel, stems and beams are laminated: the outer layers are made of oak or ash, the inner layers are made of pine. Such a design, with almost the same strength as in the variant with bent oak frames made of solid wood, allows to slightly reduce the weight of the hull and the consumption of scarce materials. Builders get the opportunity to use short-sized lumber of small sections and lower grades. The consumption of fasteners made of non-ferrous metals is reduced. Speeds up the drying processs, prepared for the manufacture of a set (thin boards dry much faster than bars).
Of course, it is also possible to use bent oak frames instead of glued ones. Glued beams can be replaced with solid pine beams 35X55 on reinforced frames and 30X40 on the rest. Sheathing can be done according to one of the following options.
- Pine slatted sheathing on VIAM-BZ glue or resins of the ED20 and PO-ZOO type, gelled with red-copper nails. The thickness of the sheathing in the central part of the sailboat is 18 mm; thickness reduction to 15 mm is allowed to the extremities.
- The skin is assembled, as in the first version, from pine slats glued together with a much smaller thickness (8 mm) and then glued crosswise (at an angle of 454-60 ° to the DP) from side to side in two layers with strips of 3 mm FBS plywood or BP-A. Each layer is pressed to the pine sheathing with ordinary nails (for example 1.5X25) "on the flies".
It is possible to sheathe the body with a 10 mm pine board and paste over on top with a couple of layers of 5PS or BP-A plywood 3 mm thick. When using bakelized plywood, it is better to use epoxy resins as glue; the surface of the plywood in the places of gluing must be sanded so that the surface layer of Bakelite is completely removed. Diagonal pasting with plywood in two layers significantly increases the rigidity and strength of the body, its water resistance, resistance to fluctuations in humidity and temperature.
Deck
The deck plating and deckhouse can be made of 8 mm bakelized or waterproof plywood of the BPS-1 brand. The hull construction technology is quite well described in a number of books that are recommended at the end of the article.
spars
The mast, made of pipe (aluminum-magnesium alloy), is installed on the deck. The hinged design of the spur provides the possibility of fine tuning (centering) and mast collapse. If necessary, the mast on the "ST-28" can be put by two people. The design of the oscillating mast top allows, by wrapping the turnbuckle of the backstay, to simultaneously stuff the forestay without creating bending forces on the mast. The boom can be made of a light-alloy profile or a pipe with a welded groove. The design of the mast and its equipment is alsodesigned with the expectation of manufacturing in the conditions of a sailboat club workshop; elements welded onto the mast are excluded as far as possible. Most parts can be mounted without modification on a wooden mast.
The axial force from the mast is transmitted through the pillars (AMg61 pipe with a diameter of 50-80 mm) to a welded steel structure, which evenly distributes the load along the keel beam and steel floors to the sides and frames. The floors and details of the support assembly are cut from a 3 mm sheet of carbon or low-alloy steel grades VstZsp2, VstZGspZ, 09G2, 10G2S1D or 10KhSND.
Keel
A welded fin keel is provided in the form of a box of steel sheets 6-8 mm thick, into which 860 kg of lead must be poured. Before pouring, it is recommended to either bury the box in sand (and tamp it around), or put temporary stiffeners on the outside of the box on tacks. On the finished fin, the welds are cleaned, the entire surface is sandblasted or cleaned with metal brushes, ground with red lead on drying oil and painted with pentaphthalic paint in the desired color. Voids in the fin, imageslead shrinkage must be filled with Portland cement. The fin is attached to the hull of the sailboat with 14 screws 2M16X90.
The wedge-shaped shape of the fin with a moderate narrowing (η≈2.0) and a small relative thickness (C=7÷12%) allows us to hope for a higher value of its hydrodynamic quality than, for example, the keel of the sailboat "Carter-30".
In parallel with the preparation for the publication of these materials, more accurate calculations of the polar charts of the sailboat were carried out using a computer. According to the calculation results, it can be recommended to reduce the lengths of the root and end chords of the fin cross section indicated in the drawings to 1300 and 600 mm, respectively, and also to increase the maximum thickness (along the inner surface of the metal hull) of the profile to 100 mm along the entire height of the fin. In this case, the position of the trailing edge of the fin relative to the body shouldo be offset 50 mm forward.
The rudder feather is made of PVC-2 or PS-1 foam, followed by pasting with seven to eight layers of fiberglass on polyester resin. The drawings show a variant of the stock made of pipe 0 68X8 (stainless steel Х18Н10Т). However, the stock can also be made from a bar with a diameter of 54 mm (Kh18N10T), 60 mm (VStZsp), 40 mm (VTZ-1 alloy) or from a pipe ∅47X5 or ∅60X3 from the VTZ-1 alloy. In case of replacement of the stock, the ordinates of the rudder root section shown in the drawing must be changed to the appropriate scale. The recommended stock sizes meet the requirements of the "Prsilt ", presented to the cantilever balance rudders. Currently, a fiberglass version of the sailboat is under construction of the hull. Briefly, the following can be said about it. The body is molded from fiberglass based on TZhS-0.56-0 fiberglass on NPS-609-21M resin. Side thickness - 6 mm, bottoms - 10 mm, decks - 4 mm. With a spacing of the transverse set along the side and deck of 400 mm, the cross section of the U-shaped transverse braces is 20X40, which satisfies the relevant standards of the English Lloyd's Rules for the Classification and Construction of Fiberglass Yachts.
Leave a comment for
7 comments
Получите клиентов с сайтов ваших конкурентов за 1 день с гарантией результата! Современные инструменты BigData позволяют узнать кто посещал сайты конкурентов или звонил им на телефон, чтобы работать именно с этой горячей аудиторией в режиме реального времени лиды от 25 рублей. можем предоставить под прозвон от 25 руб или разослать SMS/MMS/Viber от 3,6руб (только РФ) Любые законные ниши, торговля, услуги, привлечение работников,агентов, B2B, B2C. 100% легальный метод, никакие законы не нарушаем. Доступная цена. договор. закрывающие документы. также в наличии базы данных компаний под B2B наш cайт https://bigdata.popupbiz.ru оставьте заявку и бонусом получите софт для whatsapp-рассылки или email-рассылки телеграм канал @bigdatapopupbizru email bigdatabiz@mail.ru 89529082087
ReplyДобрый день! Скажите, пожалуйста, с кем в вашей организацииможно обсудить вопрос плохих отзывов о вашей организации в сети интернет? Дело в том, что наши сотрудники обнаружили негатив в интернете, с которым необходимо работать, чтобы информационное поле вокруг вашей организации было положительным. Мы готовы провести бесплатный углубленный аудит инфополя вашей компании, чтобы видеть всю картину. Благодарю! Презентация о нашем агентстве: https://lnnk.in/eLiV Ковалев Сергей Телеграм для связи: @rebooster РА "reBooster" www.re-booster.ru
ReplyМеня зовут Владислав из компании Web Hero. Мы обнаружили технические недочеты на вашем сайте, которые могут стать причиной ухода клиентов. Наша команда готова оперативно устранить эти проблемы и гарантировать бесперебойную работу вашего сайта. Давайте обсудим, как мы можем помочь. Оставьте заявку на нашем сайте: wbhr.ru или свяжитесь со мной по sale.tp1@wbhr.ru. С уважением, Владислав.
ReplyЗдравствуйте! Меня зовут Даниил Романович. Меня заинтересовал Ваш сайт. Я готов купить его по выгодной для вас цене. Есть бюджет в несколько миллионов рублей для покупки сайтов. Мы можем встретиться и провести сделку по продаже вашего сайта лично или онлайн через гаранта Telderi.ru или другим удобным способом, безопасность сделки является моим приоритетом. Для того чтобы я смог оценить сайт, прошу вас предварительно открыть его Яндекс Метрику на мою почту Daniil89217894501@yandex.ru Также я готов рассмотреть и другие ваши проекты к покупке. Коротко обо мне: Я инвестор из Санкт-Петербурга. Представляю интересны группы частных инвесторов. С уважением, Даниил. Мои контакты для связи: 8(921)789-45-01 мой мобильный номер или WhatsApp https://t.me/Danya_spb_ru мой Telegram Daniil89217894501@yandex.ru моя эл. почта
ReplyВаш микрозайм одобрен - выдача в день обращения Мурад 7 495 476-66-62 everestinvest@bk.ru
ReplyЗдорово! Все сделано с любовью, красиво.
ReplyВАШ МИКРОЗАЙМ оформлен. Для уточнений времни доставки курьером, просьба позвонить. Виталий +7 (495) 142-56-63 https://hifinance.ru info@hifinance.ru
Reply